紫外线对人体的危害及预防措施

紫外线对人体的危害及预防措施

一、紫外线对人体的危害：

    波长1OO～400纳米的电磁波称为紫外线。太阳是*的紫外线辐射源，适量的紫外线对人体健康有益．但接触过量的紫外线会对机体产生危害，特别是对眼睛的损伤。在生产环境中，凡是物体的温度达1200℃以上时，辐射光谱中即可出现紫外线。电焊、气焊、电炉炼钢等作业，以及使用弧光灯、水银灯、闪光灯、紫外线消毒灯等均可受到紫外线的辐射。紫外线的波长愈短，对人类皮肤危害越大。短波紫外线可穿过，中波则可进入。但接触过量的紫外线会对机体产生危害。
A, the harm of ultraviolet radiation on the human body:

1 oo ~ 400 nm wavelength of electromagnetic wave is called ultraviolet light. The sun is very strong ultraviolet radiation, the amount of ultraviolet radiation to human body health. But contact excessive ultraviolet ray can produce harm to the body, especially the damage to the eyes. In a production environment, all the object's temperature above 1200 ℃, can appear in the uv spectrum. Electric welding and gas welding, such as electric furnace steelmaking operation, as well as the use of arc lamp, mercury lamp, flash light, ultraviolet disinfection lamp, etc all can by ultraviolet radiation. The shorter the wavelength of ultraviolet is, the greater the damage to human skin. Shortwave ultraviolet ray can be through the dermis, medium wave can into the dermis. But contact too much ultraviolet light can cause harm to the body.

    外线照射皮肤时，可引起血管扩张，出现红斑，过量照射可产生弥漫性红斑，并可形成小水泡和水肿，长期照射可使皮肤干燥、失去弹性和老化。紫外线与煤焦油、沥青、石蜡等同时作用皮肤时，可引起光感性皮炎。紫外线照射眼睛时，可引起急性角膜炎，常因电弧光如电焊引起，故称为电光性眼炎。Exterior light skin, can cause vasodilation, occurrence erythema, excessive exposure can produce diffuse erythema, and can form small blisters and edema, long-term exposure can make the skin is dry, loss of flexibility and aging. Ultraviolet （uv） and coal tar, bitumen, paraffin wax, effect of skin at the same time, light can cause dermatitis. Ultraviolet light eyes, can cause acute keratitis, often caused by electric arc, such as welding, so called electro-optic ophthalmia.

    紫外线作用于中枢神经系统，可出现头痛、头晕、体温升高等。过量辐射会诱发皮肤癌。另外对眼睛的损伤特别明显，作用于眼部，可引起结膜炎、角膜炎，称为光照性眼炎，还有可能诱发白内障，在焊接过程中产生的紫外线会使焊工患上电光性眼炎（可以治愈）。紫外线过量照射皮肤时，可引起血管扩张，出现红斑、痒、水疱、水肿等；长期照射可使皮肤干燥、失去弹性和老化。紫外线与煤焦油、沥青、石蜡等同时作用皮肤时，可引起光敏性皮炎。所以无论是在生活中还是在工作中都应该尽量避免紫外线照射。Ultraviolet rays central nervous system, can appear have a headache, dizziness, body temperature, etc. Too much radiation causes skin cancer. Role particularly evident, in addition to the eyes of damage in the eye, can cause conjunctivitis, keratitis, called light eye inflammation, may also induce cataract, the welding process of ultraviolet ray can make welders electro-optic eye inflammation （can cure）. Excessive exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays, skin can cause vasodilation, occurrence erythema, itching, blisters, edema, etc.; Long-term exposure can make the skin is dry, loss of flexibility and aging. Ultraviolet （uv） and coal tar, bitumen, paraffin wax, effect of skin at the same time, can cause photosensitive dermatitis. So either in life or in work should avoid ultraviolet irradiation.

二、预防措施： 

   预防紫外线的危害应采用自动或半自动焊接。增大与辐射源的距离。电焊工及其助手必须配戴的防护面罩或眼镜及适宜的防护手套，不得有裸露的皮肤。电焊工操作时应使用移动屏幕围住作业区，以免其他工种的人员受到紫外线照射。电焊时产生的有害气体和烟尘，应采用局部排风措施加以排除。
Second, the preventive measures:  
Prevent the harm of ultraviolet （uv） should be used in automatic or semi-automatic welding. Increase the distance and the radiation source. Welders and his aides have to wear special protective mask or glasses and appropriate protective gloves, can not have exposed skin. Welders operating screen should be used when the surrounding areas, in order to avoid other kinds of personnel by ultraviolet irradiation. When welding produce harmful gases and soot, local exhaust measures should be adopted.